Sparking igniter for explosive-gas engines.



PATENTED JUNE 30, 1908.

I. A. FELDKA'MP. SPARKING IGNITER FOR EXPLOSIVE GAS ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25. 1907.

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No. 892,037. PATBNTED JUNE 30, 190&

F. A. FBLDKAMP. I smmcme IGNITBR'FOR EXPLOSIVB GAS ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26. 1007.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR'.

I EreH ancK eHKaqP} BY ATTORNEYS No. 892037. PATENTBD JUNE 30, 19%.

F. A. FELDKAMP.

SPARKING IGNITER FORBXPLOSIVE GAS ENGINES.

.APPLIUATION FILED JUNE 1907.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 INVENTORL Fraamtigafelalg AUORNEYS WITNESSES: 4!

. ioNrrED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK A. FELDKAMP, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR- OF ONE-HALF TO HENRY ,BEltG, OF ORANGE VALLEY, NEW JERSEY.

SPARRING IGNITER FOR EXPLOSIVEPGASENGIINES.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed. June 25, 1907. Serial No. 380,729.

No. 892,037. Patented June 30,1908.

through the wall of the cylinder and To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Fnnnnnroic A. FELD- KAlUP, citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sparking Igniters for Explosive-Gas Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to he a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appcrtains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification;

The present invention has reference, generally, to improvements in sparking-igniters for explosive gasengines and, the invention has reference, more particularly, to make and break svstem in the electric circuit of which is arranged a novel electrical appliance ordevicc, which is provided with a mov able electrode piercing the wall of the oxplosioi'i-chainbcr of a gas-engine, the movable elect rode being for the purpose of producing an electric spark for igniting each charge of the explosive medium.

My present invention, tl'icrefore, has for its principal object to provide a simply arranged and positively operating make and break s vs tom, and an electrical appliance in circuit therewith, all arranged so that a movable electrode will at the proper n'c-determined intervals produce an efficient electric spark for the purposes of eXploding'the gas within the explosion chamber or cylinder of themnginc.

This invention has for its further object to provide an electrical device comprising a movable sjmrk-producii1g element, the open end-portion of which extends into and is perfectlvgas-tight, so as to prevent any leakage of tliofexplosive medium or gas.

at this time more particularly eniimorated will be clearly understood from the following.

detailed description of my present invention.

With a view of overcoming all the existing Objectionable features, this invention con sists in thenovcl make and break systemand a novel electrical appliance or device in circuit therewith, comprising a'movably 'arranged and electro-magnetically controlled sparking electrode, all substantially of the general character hereinafter setforth, and,

furthermore, this invention consists in the arrangements and combinations of. the various devices and parts, as well as in the details of the construction of the same, all of which will be more fully described in the following specification, and then finally embodied in thevclauses of the claims which are appended to and whiclrform an essential part of this specification.

panying drawings, in whieh:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatical view of one make and break system embodyin the principles of this invention, said view lustrating in section a portion of the cylinder of a gas or explosive engine and one form of .75 The invention is illustrated in the acconi electrical appliance or device provided with a movable spark-producing electrode; and Fig. 2 is a simitar view of a slightly modified'make and broak'system, said view representim a por-- tion of the engine in section, but the electrical appliance for producing the spark being shown partly in elevation and partly in sec'' tion. Fi 3 is a top view of -the form of electrical appliance or device represented in said Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is a part sectional repres'entation and part elevation of an electrical appliance which is provided witli'a movable spark-producing electrode, the device showing a modification of thetorm of a phance represented in said Figs. 1 and 2. 1 1g. 5 1s a view, on an enlarged scale, of the lower end-" portion oi" the spark-producing electrode or A further object of this invcntion is to prooscillating arm; and Fig. (5 is a'scctional rep-f vide a spark-pralucing device, the making rcsentationof the said arin provided with'af and separating actions of the spark-produc modified means of suspension. inc; elements thereof "it being dependent Similar characters of referenc. "are" em uponthe'mcclmnicalaction of'lcvcrs, set to a ployed in all ofthe said above described certain working with a close margin; and, views,to indicate corresponding parts. furthermore, to obviate the use of springs, Referring now to the several figures; of the and to ]')IO\'l(l(. a device in which the elecdrawings, the rcferen(,'c clu11'actcr 1 indicates. trodc is posi-tivcl) actuated by clcctro-mag a portion of the usual cylinder of an explo-d netic force. sive gas-engine, the same in the present in- Ot-her objects of the present invention not stance being provided with a screw-threaded 1 of the drawings.

opening 2 into which is screwed the piercing end of an electrical appliance or device 3. This device, aswill be seen from an inspection of Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, consists essentially of a chambered member 4, of a non-magnetic material, as brass, which ismade with anopen end 5 and a closed top 6; Surrounding the lower open end-portion of said member '4 is a screw-thread 7 'for screwing said end-portion into said screwthreaded hole 2, in such a manner that a portion of said lower end of the member 4 will project into the interior of the cylinder 1, and j a means of communication will be established'between the chamber 8 of the member 4- and the interior of the cylinder 1. Tubular and internally screw-threaded lugs 9, 10, 11 and 12 project in pairs upon opposite sides of the member 4, into each of which are screwed the screw-threaded shanks -18 of metal connecting elements or poleieces 14, 15, 16 and 17, respectively, as clear yillustrated in Fig. The inner ends of said screw-threaded shanks 18 are made of such lengths that eachend will project for a. distance into the chamber 8, substantially as illustrated. Suitably secured in the preferably concave end-portions 19 of the respective elements 14 and 16, and 15 and 17, by

meansof screws 20, the screw-portions of which are screwed into screw-threaded sockets 21 with which said elements are provided, are the end-portions of cylindrical' cores 22 ..and 23 made of soft iron. Upon the respective'cores 22 and 23 are suitably arranged and secured the wire-wound coils'24 and 25, through ,which the electric current is to be j passe din the manner to be described, to 1 prope y magnetize said cores and the parts 40..

connected therewith, as will be presently merc fully understood. The closed end-por- 'i -n-,which is arranged 'a s insulati1ig material, and arranged upon the 45.

rated tion of said member 4 is provided with a hole eeve 26 made of an oppositesides of said closed top 6 are perfodisks or Washers 27 and 28, both of which are niade of insulating material. Ex-

tending through said disks or washers27 and 28, and saidsleeve 26, is a screw-threaded boltor pin 29, the same being '[irnily secured 'Ii place by means of a pair of screw-threaded (s or washers 30 and 31, of metal, which are tightly screwed against the opposite faces of saidinsulating disks or washers 27 and 28,

as clearly shown. A pair of binding nuts 32- and 33 are screwed upon the upper screw-threaded portion of the bolt'or pin 29.

The lower end- )OItiO IiOf said bolt or pin 29 which extends into the chamber 7 is preferably flattened, as

at 34, the same being provided with apivotal pin 35 with which is pivotally connected the.

upper bifurcated end-portion 37 of an arm or s ark-producing electrode 36.' That a good e eotrical contact may at alltimes be maintained between these pivotally connected parts, a flat spring 37, made of a light metal so as not tointerfere with the pivotal movement of the arm or electrode 36 is secured to said flattened part 34, said spring having its other end in slidable engagement with the arm or electrode 36. The said member 4 is formed in its interior, at a point near its lower end, with an inwardly projecting contact lug 38, and upon the lower end-portion of said arm or clectrode-36 is a spark-producing contact 39 which is adapted to make and break electrical contact with said lug 38. At a suitable point of said contact 39, the arm or electrode 36, as will be seen more particularly from an inspection of Fig. 5, has an opening 40 in which is arranged an insulating sleeve 41, insulating disks or washers 42 and 43, and metal disks or washers 44 and '45 l being arranged upon the opposite sides of said portion of the arm or electrode 36, substantially as shown. A screw 46 provided with a head 47 is arranged in the perforated portions of said disks or washers and the sleeve 41, the same being secured in place by means. of a nut 48. The purpose of this screw is two-fold. First,.it is to regulate the length of the electric spark which is to be produced; and, secondly, when the head of the insulated screw is brought in contact with the inner face of the wall of said mem ber 4, it prevents any electrical contact of the said movable arm or electrode being made with the said member, as will be clearly evident. Blocks or 'strips 49, 50, 51 and52 are also secured by means of the previously mentioned screws 20 to the sides and the ends. of the respective cores 22 and 23, said blocks or strips 49, 50, 51 and 52, being rein said slit by means of a rivet or pin 62.

The other end-portion of said band 61 is arranged in a slit 63 in the end-portion ol' the.

previously mentioned bolt 29, and is secured therein by. means of rivets or pins 64. .In this manner the arm or electrode 36 has a free oscillatory motion, and at the same time a good and perfect electrical connm'tiou of said arm with. the bolt 29 is maintained.

Referring now to the system represented in Fig. 1 of the drawings, the relbroncc-eharacter 65 indicates the usual cam-shaft ol' the engine, and 66 is a suitable ('ilC-llit-GlOSCI, both of Wl'llClI are thagrammatically represented in said drawing. The cam-shalt 65 which is made insulating sleeve 69.

is supposed to revolve in the directions of the arrows shown in said Fig. 1, and suitably secured upon and rotating with said shaft are a pair of arms 67 and 68, one of which as 68 is insulated from said shaft by means of an The arm 67 has a suitable contact or brush 7 O and the arm 68 is likewise provided with a suitable contact or brush 7], said brushes 70 and 71, being in slidable engagement with the opposite faces of the said circuit-closer. 'lhe circuit-closer consists, essentially, of a suitable body 72 from an insulating material, and suitably secured in one of its faces are a pair of metal contacts 73 and 7 twhich are insulated from each other at 75, and with which the brush 70 of the arm (37 successively establishes electrical connection during the rotation of said arm 67. Suitably secured in the opposite face of said body 72 is a metal contact 76, with which the brush 7] of the arm (38 establishes electrical connection during the rotation of said aim (38 The metal contacts 73 and 74 upon one side of the body72, and the metal contact 76 11 ion the other side thereof, are arranged and placed in such relation to each other, that the brush 7() will make electrical connection with the contact 73), in advance of the estab lishing of the electrical connection between the brush 71 and the contact 76, as will be clearly evident from an inspection of said Fig. 1, and for the purposes hereimit'ter set forth.

Connected with the contact 73 is a binding post or screw 77;with the contact 74 is connected a bindingpost or screw 78; and, with the contact 76 is connected a binding post or screw 7!). Secured to said post or screw 77 is the end of a circuit-wire St), said wire being secured at its other end with the screw 55, between the two nuts 58 and 59 thereon. The leading-out end of the coil 2- t is connected with said screw 55 by means of the wire 81 which is suitably attached to the head 57 of said screw. in a like manner, there is secured to the post or screw the 7 end of a "rcuibw'irc 82, said wire being socur d at 'i-ts other end with the screw 56, between the nuts 58 and 5t) thereon. The

-wirc 89 of the coil leading-out end of the wire coil 25 is connected with said screw 56 by means ot a wire 83 which'is suitably attached to the. head 57 of said screw. (onncctcd by means of a suitable binding post or screw S-]- with the cylinder or other siiit able part of the engine is a circuit wire \5, in which is arranged -a source of electricity, such as a hattervfio, said wire s5 terminating upon the other side of the battery in two terminal wires S7 and 88. The tm'minabwire H7 is secured at its end with the screw 5- between the nuts 55 and 5!) on said. screw, and the leading-in 25 is suitably attached to the head 57 of said screw .34. The terminal completed by the leading-out wi wire 88 is secured at its end with the screw 53, between the nuts 58 and 5!) on said screw, and the leading-in wire 00 ot the coil 24- is suitably attached to the head 57 of said screw 53.

in circuit in any suitable .manner with tl cylinder or other suitable part of the engine is a magneto 91, the shalt c2 of said magneto being suitably driven from the aim-shalt (55, or other movable part of the engine. .By

means of a brush 93 in circuit with a wire 94' electrical contact is established with said magneto, said wire {)4 being attached at its other end to a brush ()5 which is in slidable electrical contact with the hub of the arm 68, all or which is diagramnmtically represented in said Fig. 1. A wire {it is attached at one end to the binding screw 70, and at the other end it is secured to the bolt 2!), between the nuts 32 and 33 thereon.

Having thus described the general a rrangements of the devices and parts comprising the system illustrated in said Fig. l, i will now"briell y describe the operation of the same for producing a spark.

During the revolutions of the caneshalt (S5, in the direction ol the arrows shown in said Fig. l, the brush 70 makes electric connection with the contact 72;. immediately the electric current from the batter t 86 passes in the direction of the arrow ;1: through the wire and the terminal-wire 88, through the screw 53, leading-in wire 90, and through the wire-coil t, the circuit'lwing re Hi, the screw 54, and the wire Ht) with the. said contact 73, the brush 7t), arm (37 and cam-shalt 65, which forms part ol' the l'rame-work ol' the engine, back through the battery The curreiit which thus through the electro-niagnetic coil 2;], immediately renders the core .22 magnetic, the pole-pieces .14 and it; atttncting the movable arm or electrode 36, so that its contact will be brought against the said lug 38. Now, as soon as the brush 7] passes upon the contact 76, the brush 70 still making electrical contact with the contact 72 a complete electrical circuit is established in the direction ol the arrow y/through the wire tit), the bolt 2), the electrode 3 .3, the engine, the magneto .91. the wire -t, the brush it"), and by means ol' the. arm (38 and brush 71 with the said contact 7(3. long as iho'brnsh 7O nmltes conncction with the contact 73, the eoulac-i iltl will remain in electrical connection with the lug '38, the mi-ignet through the said arm or elect rode lit When, however, the brush it) enters into electrical conne aion with the contact 7 1, the-circuit through the elect ro-niagnet 34-. interrin'ited,

wire 55 to the 0 current passing directly and a complete electric circuit is now mini, v

lished from the battery 86, through. the wire 85, the terminal wire 87, the screw Til, the liadingan wire 89, and through the wire-coil Y out, the magneto current being likewise cuti frame-work of the engine, back through the wire 85 to the battery 86. The current which now passes through the electro-magn'etie coll 25, immediately renders the core 23 .magnetic, the ole-pieces 15' and 17 attracting themovab e arm or electrode 36, and by causing the contact 39,to break its electrical connection produced by the 'magnetocurrent with the lug 38, causes an'elcctric spark to be made for the explosion of the gaseous mixture contained in the cylinder or explosion chamber of the engine as will be clearly evident. .Thus with the revolutions of the cam-shaft and the rotary motions of the arms 67 and 6S, and their respective brushes 70 and 71, the movable or pivoted arm 36 can be made to alternately make and break electrical contact with the lug 39, so asto positively produce electric sparks at the required intervals. It will be furthernoticed, that from the time the brush 70 leaves the contact 73 until it enters in contact with the contact 7 4, the electric current is entirely cut out, whereby the arm or electrode is l'reeto move back and forth within its chambered member 4, without any electrical connection being made, and without the possibility of producing electric sparks at such times when not required.

Referring now to Fig. 2 of the drawings, I- have shown a'slightly dilt'cre'nt system of circuit-wiring for causing the contact 30 of the arm 36 to inakeand break electrical connection with the lug 38. in this system the reference-character 0T 'Jdicatcs the cam shaft of the engine, and suitably secured upon said shal't is an arm tlSwhic-h is insulated from this shaft and is provided with a contactmiaking brush 90. in this case, consists of a body 100 which is made from an insulating material, and suitably secured in its l acc are a pair ofmctal contacts 101 and 102 from each other at 103, and with which the brush 0) succcssivc|y establishcs clcctrical connection during the rotation of said arm 08. Connected with the contact 101 is a binding post or screw-104 and with the contact 102 is connect-ed a binding post or screw 105. Secured to saidpost or screw 10! is the end of a circuit-wire 1'06, saidwire being secured at its other end with the screw-55, between the two nuts 58 and 50 thereon, and with which screw thewirc S1 of the coil 24is also connected. In a like manner, there is secured to the post or screw10'5 the end o'l" a circuit-wire 107, which is cminected, in the usual manner, with aself induction coil 108,

' and leads from said coil to the. screw 56,-be

tween the two nuts 58 and '59 ,to which the Fig. 2, the brush 90 makes The circuit-closer,

which are insulatcd sulatcd arm 08 and brush the engine and the wire 113 back end of said wire 107 is secured. The wire 83 of the coil 25 is also connected with said screw 56. The bolt 29 has secured between the nuts 32 and 33 thereon a wire 1.09 which is attached at its other end to the screw 54, between the two nuts 58 and 59 thereon. The screw 53 has attached thereto, between its two nuts 58 and50, the end-portions of a circuit-wire 110, which is suitably secured at its other end, as at .111, to the cylinder or 1 other part of the engine. The wire 90 connects the screw 53 with the coil 24. Also connected with the cylinder, or other part of the engine, as at 112, is a circuit-wire 113, in which is placed a battery 114, said wire being suitably connected at its other endportion 115 with the cam-shaft 97. From an inspection of said Fig. 2 of the drawings, it will be seen, that in the system shown therein, the battery 114 is used as the main source of electricity for producing the spark, instead of a current gcncrated from a magneto, as in F ig. 1, and for this reason the low tension coil 108 is employed to furnish an induced current for producing the spark.-

During the revolutions of the cam-shaft 97, in the directionot the arrow shown in said clcctric connection with the contact 101. The electric current from the battery 114 passes inthe direction of the arrow 2 through the wire 113, the cam-shaft 97, the arm 98 and )rush 99 to the contact 101, and then thro. jh the circuitwire 106 into the screw 55, and from this screw by means of the wire 81 into and through the coil 2-1, the current passing out of said coil by incans of the wire 90 into the screw 53, and through the wire 110, through the cylinder or frame-work of the engine, and then by means of the wire 113 back to the electric battery. The current which is thus caused to pass through the electromagnetic coil 24, mctalcorc 22 magnetic, thc pole-pieces 14 and 10 attracting the movable arm or electrode 36, so that its contact 39 will be brought against the lug 38. As soon as the brush 90 passes upon the contact'102,-a complete electrical circuit is established from the battery 114, through the -wire 113, the in- 102, and by means of the wire 107, in which is arranged the self induction coil 108, to'the sc rcw56. Thence by means of the wire 83, the current passes into and through the coil 25, the latter in this case being wound of much heavier wire than the coil 24 which (ilk-rs less resistance so as not to decrease the current for sparking purposes. From this coil25 the current passes through the wire 89 into the screw 54,. and then by means of the wire 109 into the bolt 20 and through the arm or electrode 36,1110 cylinder or frame of to the electric battery. is soon as this electric circuit immediately renders the 115 09 -wi th the contact has been completed, the elcctro-magnctic 1 tric spark for the ignition of the gaseous mixt-ure within the cylinderof the engine.

in Fig. 4 of the drawings, 1 have shown a slightly modified construction ol electricalappliance provided with a movable arm or electrode which may be used in any one 'of the systems heretofore described. in this construction, the tubularmember 4, has pivotally connected with the bolt or pin 29, the movable arm or electrode 36, substantially in the mannerheretofore described. This member, similar to the member shown in Figs. land 2 of the drawings, is provided with tubular and internally screw-threaded lugs l l 5, into each of which is screwed a core 116 of soft metal, upon each of which is placed a spool 117 containing the wire coils 118. Each pair of coils are connected between themselves by the wire end-portions 119, and the end-portions of each pair of cores 1 l G are connected by the metal bars or plates 120, the said plates being adapted to be magnetized and being secured in place by means ol'the screws 121. Bars or blocks 122 of insulating material are suitably secured to the end-portions of said metal plates 120 by means of the screws 12], each block 122 being provided with screws 123, and binding nuts 124 and 125 arranged upon said screws, with which the various wires of the coils 118 and the several circuit-wires of the previously described systems are suitably connected.

From the foregoing description of my present invention, with the use of the elec- -trical appliance and the circuit-closer or timer in circuit therewith, the high-tension coil, and the vibrators are clearly ob 'iated;

furthermore it is not necessary to use such heavy insulation, as in the present jun1pspark systems, 'Airgap spark-plugs, as well as the cams, tappets, levers, springs, and the adjusting devices of the ordinary make and break systems are also superfluous.

Briefly speaking, the spark occurs when.-

ever the rotating contact ever of the circuitcloser touches the second contact knob or plate, of which there may be several arranged in a circle according to the number ol" the cylinders of the gas-engine and according to the order in which the iiring or explosion of the gas in the cylinders is to take place.

lclaim:-

Y 1., Ina spark-producing system, a mag- J:netieally contcolled spark -producing electrode, a source of electric energy, a series of electro-magnets, and the framevork of an engine}, combined with a system of wirin connected with said source of electrica energy, said engine-frame and said electromagncts, and an independent make and break device in said circuit, arranged that the electric current will alternately ener ize said elcctro-magncts, and cause said cectrodc to alternately make and break clec trical contact, a so arate circuit between said make and brcat device and electrode, and a magneto in said circuit, said magneto being connected with the engine-frame, all arranged to produce an electric-spark.

2. .In a spank-producing system, a tubular element, and the engine frame upon which said element is mounted, a magnetically controlled spark-producing electrode pivotally arranged within said element, a source of electric energy, a series of electroahagnets mounted upon said tubular element, combined with a system of wiring connected with said source of electrical energy, said cngine.l'ra1ne and said clectro-magnets, and an independent make and break device in said circuit, arranged that the electric current. will alternately ener ize said electromagnets, and cause said electrode to alternately make and break electrical contact, a separate circuit between said make and break device and electrode, and a magneto in said circuit, said magneto being connected with the engine-frame, all arranged to produce an electric spark.

3. In a spark-producing system, a tubular element, and the engine lrame upon which said element is mounted, a magnetically controlled spark-producing electrode pivotally arranged within said element, a source of electric energy, a series ol electro-magnets mounted upon said tubular clement, c0mbined with a system of wiring connected with said source oi electrical energy, said engine-frame and said electro-magnets, and a circuit-closer in said circuit, said circuitcloser being provided with a multiplicity of contacts, a mechanically operated contactmaking means connected with said circuit closer, all arranged that the electric current will alternately energize. said electro-ma nets, and cause. said electrode to alternate y make and break electrical contact, a separate circuit. between said eircuitcloser and electrode, and a magneto in said circuit, said magneto being connected with the engine-frame, all arranged to produce an electric spark.

4. The herein described make and break appliance for a spark-producing system, comprising a tubular element, a movable elcctrmlewithinsaid clement,screw-llncaded mounted upon said cores to render said cores magnetic, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. The herein described make and break appliance for a spark-producing system, comprising a tubular element, a movable electrode within said element, screw-threaded lugs projecting from the opposite sides of said element, pairs of pole-pieces extending from said lugs, a magnetic core secured between the outer end-portions of each pair of pole-pieces, and electro-magnetic coils mounted upon said cores to render said cores magnetic, said tubular element being provided in its inner and lower end-portion witha contact-lug, and a contact on said electrode adapted to make electrical contact with said lug.

6. The herein described make and break appliance for a spark-producing system com- )rising a tubular element, screw-threaded lugs projecting from the opposite sides of said element, pairs ol" pole-pieces extending from said lugs, a magnetic core secured be tween the outer end-portions of each pair of pole-pieces, and electro-in agnetic coils mounted upon said cores to render them magnetic, said tubular element being formed W'ltll a gas-tight closure at the one end thereol',.a

bolt extending through said closure and into said tubular element, and an electrode pivotally connected with said bolt, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. The herein described make and break appliance for a spark-producing system comrising a tubular element, screw-threaded ugs projecting from the opposite sides of said element, pairs of pole-pieces extending from said lugs, a magnetic core secured between the outer end-portions of each pair of pole-pieces, and electro-magnetic coils mounted upon said cores to render them magnetic, said tubular element being formed with a gas-tight closure at the one end thereof, a.

bolt extending through said closure and into said tubular element, and alrelectrode pivotally connected with said bolt, said tubular element being, provided in its inner and lower end-portion with a contact-lug, and a contact on said electrode adapted to make electrical contact with said lug. 1

In testimony, that I claim the invention set forth above I have hereunto set my hand this 24th day of June, 1907.

FREDERICK A. FELDKAMP. Witnesses:

FREDK. O. FRAENTZEL, ANNA H. ALTER. 

